Technology As Innovator

Since its development from 1979, e-learning has increasingly played an important role in training of many organizations.

Traditional classification of e-learning is categorization. Courses are put into common categories such as: business, soft skills, technology, social sciences

From Horizontal to Basket

However, categorization gradually fall shorts in the need of real organizational training. One professional should have a combination of knowledge and skills across various disciplines. For example, a Project Manager should have Project Management skills, Leadership, Technical skills, Interpersonal and Communication skills, Client Management skills, Time Management skill, Coaching skill and so on. All these skills belong to different categories like Management, Soft Skills, Accounting, Technology. Any organization may want to standardize the training “basket” for each position. A basket contains courses/programs/articles that one person should acquire in order to perform a role.

then moves on to integration

Now, let’s take a look at the system as a whole. Training is one important part of an organization. Because it is important, it needs tracking and measurement. Key Performance Indicators can be used on Training as on any other departments.

Then an idea crossed my mind: the computer can be taught to ‘know’ what the employees need to learn in order to

• Follow their career plans
• Satisfy the organization KPI

e-learning should no longer stand alone, it should be integrated into other systems instead.

What technologies are available?

Can Portlet do that? Just a suggestion. I’m leaving this to the experts here.

Source: Stuff that happens, Simplicity

A limitation is not a defect

A defect is defined as non-conformance to requirements.

A limitation of a system is something a system does not accomplish, either due to technology not being supported, time constraint budget limit, or nature of business model.

Ideally, limitations should not exist in a system. However, in engineering discipline, certain limitations are accepted. This article seeks to explore ways to manage a limitation.

Scenario: a simplified example of a Customer Relationship Management System

Business domain level

An Opportunity is created from a Contact when Sales representative has approached and make a proposal to that Contact. If an Opportunity encounters difficulty, it is converted to a Lead and requires more attention. If the Opportunity is done successfully, it becomes a Contract and Price is calculated. A Lead, if done successfully, can become an Opportunity when meeting certain criteria or become a Contract. If a Lead fails, it is dismissed.

System level

The object is a Transaction. A Transaction has 3 statuses: Opportunity, Lead, or Contract.

System allows changing status of Transactions.

An issue is raised: Does the system allow changing from Contract to Opportunity? Does the system allow changing from Contract to Lead?

The impact could be huge. The system must handle Price and Invoices. This concern is accurate.

Back to Business domain level

However, back to Business level, the situation may not affect the operation at all. In reality, when a Contract is signed, it does not have to be switched back to Opportunity or Lead. The customer may not even care for this scenario.

What do we (the project development team) do to address this gap?

Widely accepted principles of system development and project management

To address the issue, let’s get back to principles of project management

• The system should be able to satisfy customer requirements.
• The system should be able to handle exceptional cases.
• The system should be within budget and time frame with given resources.
• 80/20 rule applies. In certain cases, 80% efforts are spent for functions that users use only 20% the time.

How different roles view a limitation

A natural engineering approach of this gap is to restrict changing status of a Transaction from Contract to Opportunity.

However, when the proposal is put on the table, the chance maybe that it is not accepted. Firstly, the client doesn’t want a restriction in the system. Next, the client doesn’t want the development team to spend much efforts and time on a functionality that will not be used frequently.

This leaves a limitation in the system: it still allows converting Transaction status from Contract to Opportunity or Lead, but it won’t fix the Price and Invoice. This limitation leaves it to the hand of user to manage data themselves.

Manage a limitation from different perspectives

• System Analyst: this limitation is put in Supplementary Information section in a document.
• Technical Writer: this limitation is noted in User Manual.
• Business Consultant: communicate with client on this issue.
• If any issue arises, it is to be escalated to the Project Manager.